The Municipality of Tolmin (; sl, Občina Tolmin) is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

in northwestern

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

. Its seat and largest settlement is

Tolmin Tolmin (; it, Tolmino,trilingual name ''Tolmein, Tolmino, Tolmin'' inGemeindelexikon, der im Reichsrate Vertretenen Königreiche und Länder. Bearbeit auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1900. Herausgegeben von der K.K. ...

History

In ancient times the area was inhabited by the

Illyrians The Illyrians ( grc, Ἰλλυριοί, ''Illyrioi''; la, Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European languages, Indo-European-speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. They constituted one of the three main Paleo ...

and then by the

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

. In the 6th century the

Slavs Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...

, ancestors of present-day

Slovenes The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their n ...

, settled the area. Until 1420 it belonged to the

Patriarchate of Aquileia The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian seacoast. For many centuries it played an important part in histor ...

, when it was acquired by the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

. In 1514 it became a possession of the

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

s, who gave it as fief to the Coronini-Cronberg family.

Medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...

documents testify to a long series of uprisings, culminating in the Tolmin

peasant revolt This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role. Background The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including: ...

of 1713. That particular insurgence spread from Tolmin County to the

Vipava Valley The Vipava Valley (; sl, Vipavska dolina, german: Wippachtal, it, Valle del Vipacco) is a valley in the Slovenian Littoral, roughly between the village of Podnanos to the east and the border with Italy to the west. The main towns are Ajdovš ...

Karst Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant ro ...

, and Brda, and further on to northern

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...

. The uprising was mercilessly crushed by the

imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texa ...

army and its eleven leaders were beheaded. In the 16th century, the area became part of the

County of Gorizia and Gradisca The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca (german: Gefürstete Grafschaft Görz und Gradisca; it, Principesca Contea di Gorizia e Gradisca; sl, Poknežena grofija Goriška in Gradiščanska), historically sometimes shortened to and spelled " ...

. During the

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, Tolmin served as a base for the victorious breach of the Soča/Isonzo Front. Occupied by Italian troops at the end of 1918, it was part of the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

between 1918 and 1943 (nominally to 1947) as a commune of the

Province of Gorizia The Province of Gorizia ( it, Provincia di Gorizia, fur, Provincie di Gurize; sl, Goriška pokrajina) was a province in the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region of Italy, which was disbanded on 30 September 2017. Overview Its capital was th ...

(as Tolmino), except during the period between 1924 and 1927, when the Province of Gorizia was abolished and annexed to the

Province of Udine The province of Udine ( it, provincia di Udine, fur, provincie di Udin, sl, videmska pokrajina, Resian dialect, Resian: , german: Provinz Weiden) was a Provinces of Italy, province in the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Italy, borderi ...

. Tolmin was during Italian Rule and between 1943 and 1945 of the

Nazi German Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

Operational Zone Adriatic Coast The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral (german: Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, OZAK; or colloquially: ''Operationszone Adria''; it, Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico; hr, Operativna zona Jadransko primorje; sl, Operacijs ...

. In 1945 it was liberated by the

Yugoslav Partisans The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...

and in 1947 it was officially annexed to

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

. Since then, it has been an integral part of Slovenia.

Geography

The Tolmin area includes the Tolminka and Zadlaščica basins at the entrance to

Triglav National Park Triglav National Park (TNP) ( sl, Triglavski narodni park) is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alp ...

, which are also its lowest point (). A special feature of the Tolminka Basins is a thermal spring at the end of the path. The region also boasts several record-holding waterfalls (Brinta Falls, and Gregorčič Falls, ) and several other smaller waterfalls hidden in the ravines of Cold Creek ( sl, Mrzli potok), Godiča Creek, Pščak Creek, and Sopotnica Creek.

Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Tolmin, the municipality also includes the following settlements: * Bača pri Modreju * Bača pri Podbrdu * Bukovski Vrh * Čadrg *

Čiginj Čiginj () is a settlement south of Volče in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Name The etymology of the name ''Čiginj'' is unclear. It is believed to be of Romance origin, and it may show a Romance reflex of Latin ...

* Daber * Dolenja Trebuša * Dolgi Laz * Dolje * Drobočnik * Gabrje * Gorenja Trebuša * Gorenji Log * Gorski Vrh *

Grahovo ob Bači Grahovo ob Bači (; it, Gracova Serravalle) is a village on the Bača River in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Name The name of the settlement was changed from ''Grahovo'' to ''Grahovo ob Bači'' (literally, 'Grah ...

Grant Grant or Grants may refer to: Places *Grant County (disambiguation) Australia * Grant, Queensland, a locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia United Kingdom *Castle Grant United States * Grant, Alabama *Grant, Inyo County, C ...

* Grudnica * Hudajužna * Idrija pri Bači * Kal * Kamno * Kanalski Lom * Klavže *

Kneške Ravne Kneške Ravne () is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of the Bača Valley in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It lies in the southern border area of Triglav National Park and is a popular starting point for h ...

Kneža Kneža () is a village in the Bača Valley in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. The Bohinj Railway line runs through the settlement. Name Kneža was attested in written sources in 1377 as ''villa de Chinessa'', and th ...

* Koritnica * Kozaršče * Kozmerice * Kuk * Lisec *

Ljubinj Ljubinj (; it, Lubino) is a settlement southeast of Tolmin in the Slovenian Littoral, Littoral region of Slovenia. The local church is dedicated to Michael (archangel), Saint Michael and belongs to the Parish of Tolmin.Logaršče *

Loje Loje () is small settlement in the hills north of Kneža in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. The local church is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul and belongs to the Parish A parish is a territorial entity in m ...

* Modrej * Modrejce *

Most na Soči Most na Soči (; formerly ''Sveta Lucija'' or ''Sveta Lucija na Mostu'', german: Sankt Luzia) is a town in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located on a rocky crest above the confluence of Soča and Idrijca rive ...

* Obloke * Pečine *

Petrovo Brdo Petrovo Brdo () is a village in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with the Upper Carniola region. It lies on the road just below a pass that connects the two regions, on the drainage divide between the B ...

Podbrdo Podbrdo (; it, Piedicolle, german: Untereck) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It lies in narrow valley of the Bača River, next to the Bohinj Railway line at the end of the longest railway tunnel ...

Podmelec Podmelec () is a village west of Kneža in the Bača Valley in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Geography Podmelec stands on a slope above the right bank of the Bača River. Sopota Falls ( sl, slap Sopota) is locate ...

Polje A polje, also karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually . The name derives from the Slavic languages and literally means 'field', whereas in English ''polje'' specific ...

* Poljubinj * Ponikve *

Porezen Mount Porezen is a mountain of the outlying Alps located in Slovenia. It is the highest summit of the Slovenian Prealps. Geography The mountain belongs to the Gorizia Statistical Region. Access to the summit The suggested route for the mountai ...

* Postaja * Prapetno * Prapetno Brdo * Roče * Rut * Sela nad Podmelcem * Sela pri Volčah * Selce * Selišče *

Šentviška Gora Šentviška Gora ( or , in order sources ''Svetoviška Gora'', german: Sankt Veitsberg) is the main settlement in the hills between the valleys of the Bača and Idrijca rivers, known as the ( sl, Šentviška planota) or Šentviška Gora Plateau ( ...

* Slap ob Idrijci * Stopnik * Stržišče * Temljine * Tolminske Ravne * Tolminski Lom * Trtnik *

Volarje Volarje (; it, Vollaria) is a village on the left bank of the Soča River in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia. The local church, built outside the settlement on the road towards Selišče, is dedicated to Saint Bric ...

* Volčanski Ruti * Volče * Žabče * Zadlaz–Čadrg * Zadlaz–Žabče * Zakraj *

Zatolmin Zatolmin () is a settlement north of Tolmin in the Slovenian Littoral, Littoral region of Slovenia. Geography The territory of the settlement extends north from the village into the Julian Alps, with the highest elevation at Leskovca Peak ( sl, Le ...

* Znojile

Culture

Tolmin has been the venue for the Metaldays heavy metal festival, Punk Rock Holiday, and

Soča Reggae Riversplash Soča Reggae Riversplash was a music festival in Tolmin, Slovenia at the confluence of the Soča and the Tolminka rivers. It mainly features reggae music by international musicians.

festival.

Politics

The Municipality of Tolmin is governed by a mayor elected every four years by popular vote, and a municipal council of 22 members. The local political scene is relatively diversified, with no prevalence of a particular party, although the conservative

New Slovenia New Slovenia – Christian Democrats ( sl, Nova Slovenija – Krščanski demokrati, NSi) is a Christian-democratic, conservative political party in Slovenia. Since 2018, it is led by Matej Tonin. The party was formed on 4 August 2000 following ...

and

Slovenian People's Party The Slovenian People's Party ( sl, Slovenska ljudska stranka, , Slovene abbreviation SLS ) is a conservative, agrarian, Christian-democratic political party in Slovenia. Formed in 1988 under the name of Slovenian Peasant Union as the first democ ...

tend to receive a higher proportion of votes than their national average. Traditionally, the left-wing and liberal parties have been stronger in the town center, whereas the countryside tends to favor conservative parties. In national politics, the Tolmin electoral district has highly favored the conservative

Slovenian Democratic Party The Slovenian Democratic Party ( sl, Slovenska demokratska stranka, SDS), formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia ( sl, Socialdemokratska stranka Slovenije, SDSS), is a conservative political party in Slovenia. It has been described as ...

, but this is largely due to the prevalence of this party in the other two municipalities forming the district, (

Bovec Bovec ( or ; , german: Flitsch, fur, Plèz) is a town in the Littoral region in northwestern Slovenia, close to the border with Italy. It is the central settlement of the Municipality of Bovec. Geography Bovec is located from the capital Ljublj ...

and

Kobarid Kobarid (; it, Caporetto, fur, Cjaurêt, german: Karfreit) is a settlement in Slovenia, the administrative centre of the Municipality of Kobarid. Kobarid is known for the 1917 Battle of Caporetto, where the Italian retreat was documented by Erne ...

References

External links

*
Municipality of Tolmin on Geopedia
{{Authority control

1994 establishments in Slovenia